Saturday, 8 November 2014

AFRICAN PREACHER DR. RAY HAGINS ON EUROPEAN CHRISTIAN IMPERIALISM & VAMPIRISM.

FRÉMAUX SOORMALLY

"The reason why Elijah Muhammad asked his followers to stay away from mainstream Muslims was because he was peddling the Book called the Qur'aan translated by the Qadiani (Ahmadi, Mirzai) Sect! I saw their Qadiani Qur'aan with my own eyes at their own Mosque in London.

If anyone (NOT ONLY BLACK AMERICANS) wants to tread the path of Islam the method is to go the the ORIGINAL ARABIC Qur'aan, to the Islamic Scholars, to the Sunnah (that part of the Ahadiith attributed to the Prophet that can be relied upon), and to other authoritatives sources.

Elijah's method was flawed and unIslamic right from the start! Anyway criminal Wallace Dodd Ford alias Master Fard Muhammad was an FBI agent planted to set up a racist movement called Nation of Islam, just like the British did in Punjab with the Qadianis or the Bahais in Iran!" (BAFS)

Elijah Muhammad lied about W Fard Muhammad being God Incarnate as Louis Farrakhan and his "Nation of Islam" has been preaching till this very day!

Uploaded on 5 Sep 2009

Elijah Muhammad's wife said to her son Warith Deen Mohammed that W Fard Muhammad ( Nation Of Islam Founder ) never said to her that he was God or a prophet. Elijah Muhammad's wife was the person who took Elijah Muhammad to W Fard Muhammad.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipPOxKyxjIU&list=PL71CEDFB477D603D7

DR. RAY HAGINS: Religious Miseducation - African Consciousness vs European Christian Imperialism!

Saturday, November 8, 2014

EUROPEAN VAMPIRISM: The Pervasively Savage War Against Black People - Gates Foundation Focuses $3 BILLION Agro-Fund On Rich Countries, "Pushes GMO Agenda In Africa"!

November 8, 2014 - AFRICA - The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation gives the majority of its $3 billion in food and agricultural grants to rich Western countries, with critics accusing it of using its money to force a pro-GMO agenda on Africa, a recent report suggests.

GRAIN, a small international non-profit, made its accusation after breaking down the foundation’s distribution of grants handed out between 2013 and 2014.

Roughly $1.5 billion ends up in the hands of hundreds of different research, development and policy organizations, 80 percent of which are based in the US and Europe. Only 10 percent of those groups, meanwhile, are in Africa.

The charity further notes a deepening of the so-called North-South divide via the allotment of money to non-governmental organizations. Of the $669 million the foundation earmarks to NGOs for agricultural work, GRAIN says over three-quarters has gone to US-based organizations. Africa-based NGOs, by contrast, only receive 4 percent.

Image: David Dees.

GMOs and tech

The other half of the $3 billion fund is allocated to 4 distinct groupings.

The first, CGIAR, a consortium of 15 international research centers set up to promote the Green Revolution across the world, has received $720 million from the foundation. According to GRAIN, most of the CGIAR centers dedicate their money to developing new crop varieties.

Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), which was set up by the Gates Foundation, receives $414 million. International organizations, including the World Bank and World Food Program, take in $362 million, while the Nairobi-based African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) has received $95 million since 2008.

AATF, which GRAIN characterizes as “a blatantly pro-GMO pro-corporate research outfit,” reportedly uses its funding to support the development and distribution of hybrid maize and rice varieties. GRAIN further says AATF uses money received by the Gates Foundation to “’positively change public perceptions’ about GMOs and to lobby for regulatory changes that will increase the adoption of GM products in Africa.”
Meanwhile, the massive chunk of money going to CGIAR fuels criticism that the foundation is giving its money to scientists rather than farmers.

Image from grain.org

In the same time period that CGIAR received $720 million, the Gates foundation gave $678 million to predominately western universities and national research centers. It further claimed the Gates Foundation’s support for AGRA and AATF closely mirrored this research agenda.

Programs for research or technology development carried out by farmers themselves or based on farmers' knowledge, meanwhile, were all but ignored, the NGO claimed.

“The foundation has consistently chosen to put its money into top-down structures of knowledge generation and flow, where farmers' are mere recipients of the technologies developed in labs and sold to them by companies,” GRAIN wrote.

Reuters / Ilya Naymushin

Richard Wolff, professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts, told RT that the “absurd way” the Gates Foundation allocates funds is a reflection of how the charity is set up.

“The final decision of who gets the money is in the hands of Bill and Melinda Gates. They are not farmers. They are not people who know much about agriculture. So whatever decisions they made, they got more or less information from more or less qualified advisors who they also chose,” Wolff said.

Political meddling?

While the NGO says the Gates Foundation does not directly intervene in the affairs of African states, AGRA, which has received $414 million since its establishment in 2006, is said to focus at least some of its work on “shaping policy.”

Image from grain.org

“AGRA intervenes directly in the formulation and revision of agricultural policies and regulations in Africa on such issues as land and seeds. It does so through national ‘policy action nodes’ of experts, selected by AGRA, that work to advance particular policy changes,” GRAIN writes.

The organization cites strenuous efforts by The Ghana Food Sovereignty Network to block policy revisions to the country’s national seed policy drafted by AGRA as one example of policy interference carried out by the foundation. Mozambique and Tanzania have also seen AGRA-directed meddling in the country’s seed policy.

The study further notes that one AGRA action plan for Tanzania called on a review of “laws governing land titling at the district level” and a need to work close with district officials “to develop guidelines for formulation of by-laws.”

Grain says The Gates Foundation, which states “listening to farmers and addressing their specific needs” as a guiding principle of its agricultural work, has turned a deaf ear to Africa’s small-scale agricultural workers.

“In practice, the foundation's first guiding principle appears to be a marketing exercise to sell its technologies to farmers,” GRAIN writes. “In that, it looks, not surprisingly, a lot like Microsoft.”

While the NGO says the Gates Foundation does not directly intervene in the affairs of African states, AGRA, which has received $414 million since its establishment in 2006, is said to focus at least some of its work on “shaping policy.”

“AGRA intervenes directly in the formulation and revision of agricultural policies and regulations in Africa on such issues as land and seeds. It does so through national ‘policy action nodes’ of experts, selected by AGRA, that work to advance particular policy changes,” GRAIN writes.

AFP Photo / Menahem Kahana

The organization cites strenuous efforts by The Ghana Food Sovereignty Network to block policy revisions to the country’s national seed policy drafted by AGRA as one example of policy interference carried out by the foundation. Mozambique and Tanzania have also seen AGRA-directed meddling in the country’s seed policy.

The study further notes that one AGRA action plan for Tanzania called on a review of “laws governing land titling at the district level” and a need to work close with district officials “to develop guidelines for formulation of by-laws.”

Grain says The Gates Foundation, which states “listening to farmers and addressing their specific needs” as a guiding principle of its agricultural work, has turned a deaf ear to Africa’s small-scale agricultural workers.

“In practice, the foundation's first guiding principle appears to be a marketing exercise to sell its technologies to farmers,” GRAIN writes. “In that, it looks, not surprisingly, a lot like Microsoft.” - RT.

ELECTRIC BODY: Electric Food For The People Of The Sun - Coconut Oil Hailed As "Miracle" Dental Breakthrough, Deadly Bacteria Killer!

November 8, 2014 - FOOD & HEALTH - Searching for the right substitute for toothpastes which is also loaded with fluoride, sulfates, and other such bacteria killers? If yes, then scientific research has some great news for you: A natural ingredient can do wonders to your oral health. This natural ingredient is the coconut oil, better known as magical oil that is full of “miracle” powers. What makes it unique is that it is not only useful to fight tooth decay, but is known as a killer that crushes the yeast, candida albicans from your mouth. This yeast is said to be dangerous, and can cause deadly infections.

Though natural health professionals have been suggesting coconut oil since decades, there isenough of research that proves this natural tooth remedy well.

Treatment for Candida Albicans

Conducted in the Athlone Institute of Technology, some researchers from Ireland examined theafter-effects of digested and natural coconut oil on some common bacteria strains existing in the mouth. They came up with some amazing findings: The coconut oil could effectively reduce the majority of bacteria strains, and was also proven to be a good source to eliminate candida albicans from the mouth. Since this harmful yeast, candidaalbicans comesinto existence because of the intake of excessive sugar and processed foods, it is crucial to get a solid solution to get rid of this yeast. And yes, the coconut oil is proven to be the right solution to this.
A Remedy for the “Candy Disease”

Also known as the Candida overgrowth, this candy disease or the Candida infection can be related with various symptoms such as chronic tiredness, digestive issues, and frequent yeast infections. Though patients suffering from the candy disease may know about its treatment already, they can also look forward to using coconut oil for the same. Keeping this in consideration, researchers have been highlighting the usefulness of coconut oil as the alternative for medicines related to dental treatments.

In the report, scientists have reported that this natural oil can be one of the best alternatives to chemical dental products that include added fluoride and different sulfate chemicals.

What to Consider When Buying the Best Coconut Oil

Now that you know about the potential contribution of using coconut oil as natural cure tovarious dental diseases, it is essential to ensure that you have purchased the right coconut oil. You have two choices, i.e. to buy high-quality, 100% organic coconut oil online, or from a reputable local store. Though the choice is yours, you need to make sure that you buy the right one.

Here are some useful tips to get the most from the purchase of coconut oil:

1. Check the labeling of the coconut oil brand. Is it USDA certified? If yes, then this indicates that it is a reliable brand.

2. It should be cold-pressed, unrefined, and 100% organic.

Many people are still not aware of the use of coconut oil as a dental treatment. However, there is still a lot to research on this interesting finding. - Natural Society.

INSIDE AFRICA: A Call To Action On World Food Day - Civil Societies, Governments And Communities Discuss Africa's Perennial Problem Of Chronic Malnourishment!

November 8, 2014 - AFRICA - As civil societies, governments and communities come together in a call to action on the World Food Day (WFD), the global health Index is a reminder that efforts are needed to tackle the causes of malnutrition in Africa.

The focus of WFD this year is on “feeding the world, caring for the earth.” It highlights the significant role of family farming in eradicating hunger and poverty, providing food security and nutrition.

However, rampant and widespread malnourishment in Africa, particularly amongst children, continues to take its toll on the continent.

In this edition of Africa Today, we discuss Africa’s perennial problem of malnourishment and measures taken to battle the crisis with our expert panel of guests.

WATCH: Africa continues to suffer from chronic malnourishment.

- Press TV.

Proof That Paul Is A Apostle Of Satan

27,433

Published on 24 May 2013

A extensive study of the evidence proving Paul (Saul of Tarsus) to be a ravenous wolf and apostle of Satan.
Index
1. INTRO a) No evidence for God orchestrating the canon process or the bible b) Irrelevant that some of Paul's teachings line up with Yeshua and the true apostles
2. Evidence that the bible does NOT include all of God's inspired word 4:30
3. Falsehoods in scripture serve a purpose 5:20
4. Protestant bible's occult connection 7:25
5. Paul's different conversion stories 8:40
6. Paul acts differently depending on who he is with 12:50
7. Paul was taught directly from Yeshua himself 13:30
8. Compare Paul with Simon the magician 14:40 and 21:00
9. First stop - House of Judas 15:25
10. Pharisee (yeast), Roman (beast), tribe of Benjamin (wolf) 16:50
11. Claims for having seen Yeshua 20:45
12. Brags of; having superior knowledge; chosen by God; his gospel; works harder than the other apostles; tore the law down 23:00
13. Spiritual Father 26:10
14: Philemon owes Paul his ver soul 28:00
15: Apostle to the Gentiles 29:20
16. Martin Luther; dispensationalism; 2 Christ's; 2 Gospels; 2 paths to salvation; man of mockery; lying waters 30:50
17. We do NOT automatically recieve the Holy Spirit 36:50
18: Compare Paul's teachings to Yeshua and the true apostles 38:00
19. Paulinists; apostle of Satan; Damascus Document; Rev 12 (the dragon); protestant bible used to include the apocrypha; Paul worse than the Pharisees 42:00
20. Paul's Rotten Fruit; insults and attacks the other apostles 52:10
21: Food sacrificed to idols and Pauls connection to prophetess in Thyatira; promotes adultery 1:01:15
22. Unable to confess Christ as our Lord except by the Holy spirit is a lie (1 Cor 12:3) 1:11:20
23: 2 Peter 2:15,16 - Peter does NOT endorse Paul 1:18:35
24. Men no longer under the law, but women still remain under it 1:29:46
25. Final word; God breaks his covenant with the Church; recommended noncanonical books 1:34:23

Category
- Education

Ray Hagins: The False Teachings of The Apostle Paul

Published on 10 Dec 2012

You can purchase this DVD and others by Dr. Ray Hagins at www.WBLR.com.

Also, tune into to Dr. Ray Hagins online radio station at www.WBLR.com. He broadcasts 24/7 and on Sundays and Wednesdays, 8pm-10pm EST he broadcasts live. He has a ton of information on African history, culture, religion, etc. Everyone can learn from his station regardless of how much you already know.

Category
- Non-profits & Activism
ADAM'S FIRST WIFE LILITH

Lady Lilith by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1866-68 (altered 1872-73). - Delaware Art Museum/Wikimedia Commons

According to Jewish mythology, Lilith was Adam’s wife before Eve. Over the centuries she also became known as a succubus demon who copulated with men during their sleep and strangled newborn babies. In recent years the feminist movement has reclaimed her character by re-interpreting the patriarchal texts that portray her as a dangerous female demon in a more positive light.

This article discusses the character of Lilith in the Bible, Talmud and Midrash. For information about Lilith in Medieval and feminist writings visit: Lilith, from the Medieval Period to Modern Feminist Texts.

Lilith in the Bible

The legend of Lilith has its roots in the biblical book of Genesis, where two contradictory versions of Creation eventually led to the concept of a “first Eve.”
The first Creation account appears in Genesis 1 and describes the simultaneous creation of both male and female human beings after all of the plants and animals have already been placed in the Garden of Eden. In this version man and woman are portrayed as equals and are both the pinnacle of God’s Creation.
The second Creation story appears in Genesis 2. Here man is created first and placed in the Garden of Eden to tend it. When God sees that he is lonely all the animals are made as possible companions for him. Finally the first woman (Eve) is created after Adam rejects all of the animals as partners. Hence, in this account man is created first and woman is created last.
These obvious contradictions presented a problem for the ancient rabbis who believed that the Torah was the written word of God and therefore it could not contradict itself. They therefore interpreted Genesis 1 so that it did not contradict Genesis 2, coming up with ideas such as the androgyne and a "First Eve" in the process. According to the theory of a "First Eve," Genesis 1 refers to Adam’s first wife, while Genesis 2 refers to Eve, who was Adam’s second wife. Learn more about the two versions of Creation and how they relate to Lilith in: Where Does the Legend of Lilith Come From?
Eventually this idea of a “First Eve” was combined with legends of female “lillu” demons, who were believed to stalk men in their sleep and prey upon women and children. However, the only explicit reference to a “Lilith” in the Bible appears in Isaiah 34:14, which reads: “The wild cat shall meet with the jackals, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow, yea, Lilith shall repose there and find her a place of rest.”

Lilith in the Talmud and in Midrash

Lilith is mentioned four times in the Babylonian Talmud, though in each of these cases she is not referred to as Adam’s wife. BT Niddah 24b discusses her in relation to abnormal fetuses and uncleanness, saying: “If an abortion had the likeness of Lilith its mother is unclean by reason of the birth, for it is a child, but it has wings.” Here we learn that the rabbis believed Lilith had wings and that she could influence the outcome of a pregnancy.
BT Shabbat 151b also discusses Lilith, warning that a man should not sleep alone in a house lest Lilith fall upon him in his sleep. According to this and other texts, Lilith is a female succubus not unlike the lillu demons referenced above. The rabbis believed she was responsible for nocturnal emissions while a man was sleeping and that Lilith used the semen she collected to give birth to hundreds of demon babies. Lilith also appears in Baba Batra 73a-b, where a sighting of her son is described, and in Erubin 100b, where the rabbis discuss Lilith’s long hair in relation to Eve.
Glimpses of Lilith’s eventual association with the “First Eve” can be seen in Genesis Rabbah 18:4, a collection of midrashim about the book of Genesis. Here the rabbis describe the “First Eve” as a “golden bell” that troubles them in the night. “'A golden bell'… it is she who troubled me all night...Why do not all other dreams exhaust a man, yet this [a dream of intimacy takes place] does exhaust a man. Because from the very beginning of her creation she was but in a dream.”
Over the centuries the association between the “First Eve” and Lilith led to Lilith’s assuming the role of Adam’s first wife in Jewish folklore. Learn more about the development of Lilith’s legend in: Lilith, from the Medieval Period to Modern Feminist Texts.
References:

Baskin, Judith. "Midrashic Women: Formations of the Feminine in Rabbinic Literature." University Press of New England: Hanover, 2002.
Kvam, Krisen E. etal. "Eve & Adam: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Readings on Genesis and Gender." Indiana University Press: Bloomington, 1999.

Our Expert Recommends

What Was the Androgyne?

CHURCH TECHNO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oyro1uONzoM

Added background music - HOLY GHOST IN THE BLACK CHURCH

LILITH AND EVE - THE MYTH

In 2Genesis 1-3, c. 1200-300 BCE, Lilith is portrayed as Adam’s first wife in the Garden of Eden. Due to a disagreement with Adam and Jehovah, she was expelled from the Garden. Proclaimed a she-demon and transformed into an evil screech owl with talon feet, she flew away to the wild deserts of the Red Sea, they’re to be cursed. Although mentioned as Lilith in Isaiah (Is 34.14), other verses address her as: night hag; night monster; and night jar.

(FAD: 20-21.)

The Lilith Myth
Presented here is a chapter discussing Lilith, taken from Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis by Robert Graves and Raphael Patai (New York: Doubleday, 1964), pp 65-69. Graves and Patai have collected traditional Hebrew myths that amplify (and sometimes radically alter) stories found in the Book of Genesis. This chapter, titled "Adam's Helpmeets", deals in part with the Lilith myth. Each section of the chapter excerpted here recounts a "story" collected from non-biblical sources, frequently the Talmud -- sources are footnoted. The footnotes are followed by notes of author commentary. Hebrew Myths is recently back in print in a new hardcover edition -- Buy the Book. (A much more extensive discussion of Lilith is found in the The Hebrew Goddess, also by Rapael Patai. The Hebrew Goddess is in print and is listed next....)

The best detailed discussion and historical evaluation of the Lilith myth will be found in The Hebrew Goddess, by Raphael Patai (Wayne State University Press, 3rd edition, 1978). Patai presents an in-depth evaluation of the important but oft ignored role played by the feminine in Hebrew myth and religion, following the story of the Hebrew goddess from antiquity through its manifestations in Kabbalah and in the developing myth of Lilith. We highly recommend this work to those interested in the story of Lilith. Click here to Buy the Book

Those interested in the Lilith myth might also find interesting an essay discussing Gnostic creation mythology and the important role played by the feminine in the unique Gnostic reading of the Book of Genesis: The Genesis Factor: Gnostic Creation Mythology.

Excerpt from:
The Hebrew Myths by Robert Graves and Raphael Patai (New York: Doubleday, 1964), pp 65-69
Chapter 10: Adam's Helpmeets
(a) Having decided to give Adam a helpmeet lest he should be alone of his kind, God put him into a deep sleep, removed one of his ribs, formed it into a woman, and closed up the wound, Adam awoke and said: 'This being shall be named "Woman", because she has been taken out o f man. A man and a woman shall be one flesh.' The title he gave her was Eve, 'the Mother of All Living''. [1]
(b) Some say that God created man and woman in His own image on the Sixth Day, giving them charge over the world; [2] but that Eve did not yet exist. Now, God had set Adam to name every beast, bird and other living thing. When they passed before him in pairs, male and female, Adam-being already like a twenty-year-old man-felt jealous of their loves, and though he tried coupling with each female in turn, found no satisfaction in the act. He therefore cried: 'Every creature but I has a proper matel', and prayed God would remedy this injustice. [3]
(c) God then formed Lilith, the first woman, just as He had formed Adam, except that He used filth and sediment instead of pure dust. From Adam's union with this demoness, and with another like her named Naamah, Tubal Cain's sister, sprang Asmodeus and innumerable demons that still plague mankind. Many generations later, Lilith and Naamah came to Solomon's judgement seat, disguised as harlots of Jerusalem'. [4]
(d) Adam and Lilith never found peace together; for when he wished to lie with her, she took offence at the recumbent posture he demanded. 'Why must I lie beneath you?' she asked. 'I also was made from dust, and am therefore your equal.' Because Adam tried to compel her obedience by force, Lilith, in a rage, uttered the magic name of God, rose into the air and left him.
Adam complained to God: 'I have been deserted by my helpmeet' God at once sent the angels Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof to fetch Lilith back. They found her beside the Red Sea, a region abounding in lascivious demons, to whom she bore lilim at the rate of more than one hundred a day. 'Return to Adam without delay,' the angels said, `or we will drown you!' Lilith asked: `How can I return to Adam and live like an honest housewife, after my stay beside the Red Sea?? 'It will be death to refuse!' they answered. `How can I die,' Lilith asked again, `when God has ordered me to take charge of all newborn children: boys up to the eighth day of life, that of circumcision; girls up to the twentieth day. None the less, if ever I see your three names or likenesses displayed in an amulet above a newborn child, I promise to spare it.' To this they agreed; but God punished Lilith by making one hundred of her demon children perish daily; [5] and if she could not destroy a human infant, because of the angelic amulet, she would spitefully turn against her own. [6]
(e) Some say that Lilith ruled as queen in Zmargad, and again in Sheba; and was the demoness who destroyed job's sons. [7] Yet she escaped the curse of death which overtook Adam, since they had parted long before the Fall. Lilith and Naamah not only strangle infants but also seduce dreaming men, any one of whom, sleeping alone, may become their victim. [8]
(f) Undismayed by His failure to give Adam a suitable helpmeet, God tried again, and let him watch while he built up a woman's anatomy: using bones, tissues, muscles, blood and glandular secretions, then covering the whole with skin and adding tufts of hair in places. The sight caused Adam such disgust that even when this woman, the First Eve, stood there in her full beauty, he felt an invincible repugnance. God knew that He had failed once more, and took the First Eve away. Where she went, nobody knows for certain. [9]
(g) God tried a third time, and acted more circumspectly. Having taken a rib from Adam's side in his sleep, He formed it into a woman; then plaited her hair and adorned her, like a bride, with twenty-four pieces of jewellery, before waking him. Adam was entranced. [10]
(h) Some say that God created Eve not from Adam's rib, but from a tail ending in a sting which had been part of his body. God cut this off, and the stump-now a useless coccyx-is still carried by Adam's descendants. [11]
(i) Others say that God's original thought had been to create two human beings, male and female; but instead He designed a single one with a male face looking forward, and a female face looking back. Again He changed His mind, removed Adam's backward-looking face, and built a woman's body for it. [12]
(j) Still others hold that Adam was originally created as an androgyne of male and female bodies joined back to back. Since this posture made locomotion difficult, and conversation awkward, God divided the androgyne and gave each half a new rear. These separate beings He placed in Eden, forbidding them to couple. [13]
Notes on sources:

1. Genesis II. 18-25; III. 20.
2. Genesis I. 26-28.
3. Gen. Rab. 17.4; B. Yebamot 632.
4. Yalqut Reubeni ad. Gen. II. 21; IV. 8.
5. Alpha Beta diBen Sira, 47; Gaster, MGWJ, 29 (1880), 553 ff.
6. Num. Rab. 16.25.
7. Targum ad job 1. 15.
8. B. Shabbat 151b; Ginzberg, LJ, V. 147-48.
9. Gen. Rab. 158, 163-64; Mid. Abkir 133, 135; Abot diR. Nathan 24; B. Sanhedrin 39a.
10. Gen. II. 21-22; Gen. Rab. 161.
11. Gen. Rab. 134; B. Erubin 18a.
12. B. Erubin 18a.
13. Gen. Rab. 55; Lev. Rab. 14.1: Abot diR. Nathan 1.8; B. Berakhot 61a; B. Erubin 18a; Tanhuma Tazri'a 1; Yalchut Gen. 20; Tanh. Buber iii.33; Mid. Tehillim 139, 529.

Authors’ Comments on the Myth:
1. The tradition that man's first sexual intercourse was with animals, not women, may be due to the widely spread practice of bestiality among herdsmen of the Middle East, which is still condoned by custom, although figuring three times in the Pentateuch as a capital crime. In the Akkadian Gilgamesh Epic, Enkidu is said to have lived with gazelles and jostled other wild beasts at the watering place, until civilized by Aruru's priestess. Having enjoyed her embraces for six days and seven nights, he wished to rejoin the wild beasts but, to his surprise, they fled from him. Enkidu then knew that he had gained understanding, and the priestess said: 'Thou art wise, Enkidu, like unto a godl'
2. Primeval man was held by the Babylonians to have been androgynous. Thus the Gilgamesh Epic gives Enkidu androgynous features: `the hair of his head like a woman's, with locks that sprout like those of Nisaba, the Grain-goddess.' The Hebrew tradition evidently derives from Greek sources, because both terms used in a Tannaitic midrash to describe the bisexual Adam are Greek: androgynos, 'man-woman', and diprosopon, 'twofaced'. Philo of Alexandria, the Hellenistic philosopher and commentator on the Bible, contemporary with Jesus, held that man was at first bisexual; so did the Gnostics. This belief is clearly borrowed from Plato. Yet the myth of two bodies placed back to back may well have been founded on observation of Siamese twins, which are sometimes joined in this awkward manner. The two-faced Adam appears to be a fancy derived from coins or statues of Janus, the Roman New Year god.
3. Divergences between the Creation myths of Genesis r and n, which allow Lilith to be presumed as Adam's first mate, result from a careless weaving together of an early Judaean and a late priestly tradition. The older version contains the rib incident. Lilith typifies the Anath-worshipping Canaanite women, who were permitted pre-nuptial promiscuity. Time after time the prophets denounced Israelite women for following Canaanite practices; at first, apparently, with the priests' approval-since their habit of dedicating to God the fees thus earned is expressly forbidden in Deuteronomy xxIII. I8. Lilith's flight to the Red Sea recalls the ancient Hebrew view that water attracts demons. 'Tortured and rebellious demons' also found safe harbourage in Egypt. Thus Asmodeus, who had strangled Sarah's first six husbands, fled 'to the uttermost parts of Egypt' (Tobit viii. 3), when Tobias burned the heart and liver of a fish on their wedding night.
4. Lilith's bargain with the angels has its ritual counterpart in an apotropaic rite once performed in many Jewish communities. To protect the newborn child against Lilith-and especially a male, until he could be permanently safeguarded by circumcision-a ring was drawn with natron, or charcoal, on the wall of the birthroom, and inside it were written the words: 'Adam and Eve. Out, Lilith!' Also the names Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof (meanings uncertain) were inscribed on the door. If Lilith nevertheless succeeded in approaching the child and fondling him, he would laugh in his sleep. To avert danger, it was held wise to strike the sleeping child's lips with one finger-whereupon Lilith would vanish.
5. 'Lilith' is usually derived from the Babylonian-Assyrian word lilitu, ,a female demon, or wind-spirit'-one of a triad mentioned in Babylonian spells. But she appears earlier as 'Lillake' on a 2000 B.G. Sumerian tablet from Ur containing the tale of Gilgamesh and the Willow Tree. There she is a demoness dwelling in the trunk of a willow-tree tended by the Goddess Inanna (Anath) on the banks of the Euphrates. Popular Hebrew etymology seems to have derived 'Lilith' from layil, 'night'; and she therefore often appears as a hairy night-monster, as she also does in Arabian folklore. Solomon suspected the Queen of Sheba of being Lilith, because she had hairy legs. His judgement on the two harlots is recorded in I Kings III. 16 ff. According to Isaiah xxxiv. I4-I5, Lilith dwells among the desolate ruins in the Edomite Desert where satyrs (se'ir), reems, pelicans, owls, jackals, ostriches, arrow-snakes and kites keep her company.
6. Lilith's children are called lilim. In the Targum Yerushalmi, the priestly blessing of Numbers vi. 26 becomes: 'The Lord bless thee in all thy doings, and preserve thee from the Lilim!' The fourth-century A.D. commentator Hieronymus identified Lilith with the Greek Lamia, a Libyan queen deserted by Zeus, whom his wife Hera robbed of her children. She took revenge by robbing other women of theirs.
7. The Lamiae, who seduced sleeping men, sucked their blood and ate their flesh, as Lilith and her fellow-demonesses did, were also known as Empusae, 'forcers-in'; or Mormolyceia, 'frightening wolves'; and described as 'Children of Hecate'. A Hellenistic relief shows a naked Lamia straddling a traveller asleep on his back. It is characteristic of civilizations where women are treated as chattels that they must adopt the recumbent posture during intercourse, which Lilith refused. That Greek witches who worshipped Hecate favoured the superior posture, we know from Apuleius; and it occurs in early Sumerian representations of the sexual act, though not in the Hittite. Malinowski writes that Melanesian girls ridicule what they call `the missionary position', which demands that they should lie passive and recumbent.
8. Naamah, 'pleasant', is explained as meaning that 'the demoness sang pleasant songs to idols'. Zmargad suggest smaragdos, the semi-precious aquamarine; and may therefore be her submarine dwelling. A demon named Smaragos occurs in the Homeric Epigrams.
9. Eve's creation by God from Adam's rib-a myth establishing male supremacy and disguising Eve's divinity-lacks parallels in Mediterranean or early Middle-Eastern myth. The story perhaps derives iconotropically from an ancient relief, or painting, which showed the naked Goddess Anath poised in the air, watching her lover Mot murder his twin Aliyan; Mot (mistaken by the mythographer for Yahweh) was driving a curved dagger under Aliyan's fifth rib, not removing a sixth one. The familiar story is helped by a hidden pun on tsela, the Hebrew for 'rib': Eve, though designed to be Adam's helpmeet, proved to be a tsela, a 'stumbling', or 'misfortune'. Eve's formation from Adam's tail is an even more damaging myth; perhaps suggested by the birth of a child with a vestigial tail instead of a coccyx-a not infrequent occurrence.
10. The story of Lilith's escape to the East and of Adam's subsequent marriage to Eve may, however, record an early historical incident: nomad herdsmen, admitted into Lilith's Canaanite queendom as guests (see 16. 1), suddenly seize power and, when the royal household thereupon flees, occupy a second queendom which owes allegiance to the Hittite Goddess Heba.
The meaning of 'Eve' is disputed. Hawwah is explained in Genesis III. 20 as 'mother of all living'; but this may well be a Hebraicized form of the divine name Heba, Hebat, Khebat or Khiba. This goddess, wife of the Hittite Storm-god, is shown riding a lion in a rock-sculpture at Hattusaswhich equates her with Anath-and appears as a form of Ishtar in Hurrian texts. She was worshipped at Jerusalem (see 27. 6). Her Greek name was Hebe, Heracles's goddess-wife.

-- Hebrew Myths by Robert Graves and Raphael Patai (New York: Doubleday, 1964), pp 65-69. Click here to Buy the Book

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